: Which is the best choice for SEO sitemap for multilingual website? In my site when someone access directly the domain.com or any other url that does not contain country indication like domain.com/contact,

@Annie201

In your last example, I'm not sure this will create a benefit in your sitemap:

<xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://www.domain.com/what-we-do" />


This is because I don't think "x-default" is a standard language. And besides, you provided the default URL here:

<loc>https://www.domain.com/what-we-do</loc>


It would be better in your case to create and then sort sitemap files by language (a.k.a. go multilingual). Also, create gzipped versions of the sitemaps that you can submit to Google so that Google can use up less of your servers bandwidth when downloading them. The compression is excellent.

I wouldn't recommend listing each link of each language in one or two sitemap files because if your site becomes super huge with say thousands of links in every language, then you'll break sitemap limits of about 50,000ish links per file or 50MB per file.

I'm unsure how big your website is, but you should try to organize your sitemap files as logically as you can.

For example. This setup is illogical especially when doing thousands of links:

File 1:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">
<url><loc>http://www.example.com/fr/aboutus</loc></url>
<url><loc>http://www.example.com/en/aboutus</loc></url>
<url><loc>http://www.example.com/de/aboutus</loc></url>
<url><loc>http://www.example.com/gb/aboutus</loc></url>
<url><loc>http://www.example.com/fr/contactus</loc></url>
<url><loc>http://www.example.com/en/contactus</loc></url>
<url><loc>http://www.example.com/de/contactus</loc></url>
<url><loc>http://www.example.com/gb/contactus</loc></url>
</urlset>


Where as this setup is more logical:

File 1:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">
<url><loc>http://www.example.com/fr/aboutus</loc></url>
<url><loc>http://www.example.com/fr/contactus</loc></url>
</urlset>


File 2:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">
<url><loc>http://www.example.com/en/aboutus</loc></url>
<url><loc>http://www.example.com/en/contactus</loc></url>
</urlset>


File 3:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">
<url><loc>http://www.example.com/de/aboutus</loc></url>
<url><loc>http://www.example.com/de/contactus</loc></url>
</urlset>


File 4:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">
<url><loc>http://www.example.com/gb/aboutus</loc></url>
<url><loc>http://www.example.com/gb/contactus</loc></url>
</urlset>


Then in each html page, include code similar to this as usual:

<link rel="alternate" href="http://www.example.com/en/contactus" hreflang="en">


Search engines should be able to understand the associations between languages through the link tag.

If you submit your site to Google, make sure you submit it to each country version of Google so that all databases will be updated accordingly. Also check googles documentation to make sure the crawler is being taken to the correct version of your site. Check your server logs to make sure of this. If you're unsure which entries come from google, then you will may need to do a whois search on that IP.

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@Vandalay111

You're better off creating a multilingual sitemap, just to avoid any source of confusion. The format you have shown is correct.

In fact, you could even drop the hreflang declarations in your page sections and just use the declaration within the sitemap.

The Official Webmaster Tools blog explains the advantages of using the multilingual sitemaps declaration rather than on page: googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.co.uk/2012/05/multilingual-and-multinational-site.html - one advantage I would add to it is that it's also easier to maintain consistency and avoid missing out on declaring hreflang on new pages etc.

Oh, and don't forget to declare the encoding and the xhtml namespace like:
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" at the start of your XML sitemap.

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