: How should I approach designing special characters I am unfamiliar with when designing a typeface? When designing a typeface there are a number of characters that I, as an English speaker, have

@Sims5801359

Are there any official sources that describe how symbols and characters should be designed? And more generally—How do I approach designing characters I am unfamiliar with?


A well-know source for Latin characters is diacritics.typo.cz For Islandic characters see also font.is/letur-the-making-of-thorn-thorn-eth-eth/
In general, as you already said yourself, be careful just to check out other fonts – they might have gotten it wrong itself. I would instead recommend to present your “special characters” to graphic and type designers of the respective countries, e.g. in forums like Typography.Guru or Typedrawers.com.
Only those people know the full range of possibilities and where they are appropriate. For example, speaking as a German type designer, the ß can be drawn in so many ways and each way can be right or wrong for a certain type style or time period …

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@Reiling762

The following is very general (the last point will explain why), but mostly based on my experience with creating several special characters (most of languages I do not speak) for a blackletter font:


Search the Internet for design instructions from somebody from the community that uses a character, e.g., speakers of the languages that uses it. For letters, I try to maintain a list in this answer. Wikipedia is also not the worst source in this respect.
Take a look at existing typefaces that you expect to pay attention to properly implementing a character and try to identify possible design paradigms. Unfortunately this is easier said than done as even professional fonts may botch some special characters. Use your insights from point 1 to identify such bad typefaces.

In particular see whether you can find typefaces from type designers that should be familiar with the respective special characters, e.g., take a look at fonts from German type designers if you want to see proper ß designs.

The important thing here is to look for design paradigms rather than for fonts that are as similar as possible to your font.
Take a look at professional texts typeset in the respective languages. Be careful with texts from roughly 1980 to 2010 (the age of shitty computer typesetting and bad special-character support).
Try to get familiar with a character’s history and usage. For example, from the history of the ß you can learn that the left half originates from the letter ſ (long s) which in turn looks like the letter f without a bar. Thus the left half of your ß should almost always look like your f without the bar.
Use your brain and intuition. For example, the minus should look like the vertical bar of your plus. Also, if you consider some special character design to look ugly, out of place, too difficult to distinguish from other characters, etc., it probably isn’t good.
Ask a question on this site about that specific character. Stack Exchange is aspiring to accumlate such information and is very likely to last longer than privately hosted sites about a single language’s special characters. And even if Stack Exchange should go down one day, the CC licensing and available data dumps make it very likely that the information survives.


As a sidenote: Do not worry too much about mathematical typsetting. There are special fonts for this purpose. If you do not want to design such a font, it needs to be suited for everyday typesetting, nothing more.

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